Bulgaria is situated in Southeast Europe and
occupies the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula.
Bulgaria borders the Republic of Macedonia
and the Republic of Serbia to the west, Greece
and Turkey to the South The River Danube separates
it from Romania to the North. Its natural eastern border
is the Black Sea. Bulgaria ranks fifteenth in size
among the European countries.
Area
111.000 sq. km.
Climate
Bulgaria’s favourable climate is one of the country’s
best features. The temperate continental climate is
characterized by four distinct seasons. Summers are
typically hot and dry, with average daytime temperature
of 26 C°. Winters are cold with average daytime
temperature of 0 C°. Springs and autumns are mild.
The wettest months are April-May and November.
In the south and Black Sea coastal region the continental
climate is modified by Mediterranean influence.
In mid-summer, the coast enjoys prodigious
sunshine with daytime air temperatures averaging
28 C° and water temperatures around 23-25 C°. The
wettest months along the coast are June, October
and December.
Average air temperature in the summer is about
28°C, water temperature - 25°C. There are more
than 240 hours of sunshine in May and September
and more than 300 hours in July and August.
Landscape
Extremely varied: A unique combination of high
mountains and sandy beaches, large plains and lowlands,
beautiful valleys and picturesque alpine lakes.
It will fascinate you with its fantastic creativity,
squeezing so much beauty onto such a tiny land -
curious rock formations and mysterious caves; sunny
seashores with golden sands, quiet coves and romantic
capes; majestic mountains with fiery peaks, mirror
lakes and shady woods full of scent.
Population
7 761 049 / December 2004/; The population consists
chiefly of Bulgarians - 83.9%. There is a substantial
minority of Turks (9.4%), and smaller groups
of Roma (4.7%).
Official language
Bulgarian; Alphabet - Cyrillic
Signs along international motorways, in airports and
resorts are also spelled in Roman letters. Foreigners
visiting Bulgaria will experience limited problems
navigating and interpreting signs.
In the country’s resorts, hotels and restaurants Eng-
Black Sea Coast Climate Mountain Climate
Average Temperature
lish, German, French and Russian is spoken.
Capital
Sofia (pop. about 1,200,000)
Large Cities
Plovdiv, Varna, Bourgas, Rousse, Stara Zagora
Currency and monetary units
The currency unit in Bulgaria is the Bulgarian Lev.
Before July 5, 1999 it was denoted as BGL. Since the
date mentioned, the Bulgarian Lev has been denominated
in a ratio BGL 1,000 to BGN 1. At present the
BGN is pegged to the Euro at the rate of BGN 1 per
EUR 0.51129. Central exchange rates are quoted
daily by the BNB for statistical and accounting purposes
only.
The banknote denominations are: 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50
and 100 LEVA; Coins are called stotinki and include
1, 2, 5,10, 20, 50. There is also a coin of 1 Lev.
Money Exchange
Bulgaria is still largely a cash economy, so visitors
will need a reasonable amount of Leva. It is strongly
recommended that foreign currency (either Euro, US
Dollars or Sterling) is exchanged only at banks or licensed
exchange bureaus, as changing money in the
street may result in fraud. It is to be noted that damaged
or very worn bank notes are often not accepted
in Bulgaria.
Major branches of the following Bulgarian banks will
cash travellers’ checks on the spot for Leva or another
desired currency: Bulbank, Bulgarian Postbank,
HVB Biochim, First Investment Bank, and United
Bulgarian Bank (UBB). UBB also serves as a Western
Union agent and provides direct transfer of money to
travellers in need.
All major Credit cards such as Visa, MasterCard,
American Express, Diners Club, etc are accepted.
Although credit cards are accepted in some places,
most shops, hotels and restaurants still do not ac1
cept credit or cards travellers’ checks. However, ATM
cash machines are increasing in numbers in the
main towns and resorts, allowing Leva to be drawn
with all major debit/credit cards. The daily withdrawal
limit is 400 Leva.
Government
Bulgaria is a parliamentary republic. The Constitution
of the Republic of Bulgaria is the supreme law of the
country and no other law may contravene it. All international
treaties, which are ratified pursuant to the
constitutional procedure, are considered part of the
domestic legislation.
Administrative Territorial Division
The territory of the Republic of Bulgaria is divided
into 278 municipalities and 28 regions.
Electricity
Mains voltage 220 V/50 Hz, round two-pin plugs.
Western-style appliances need adapters for the country’s
twin-prong plugs, as well as voltage converters.
Time Zone
GMT+2 hrs; CET+1 hr
Health
No particular risks, but visitors often advised to stick
to private clinics when requiring medical treatment in
Bulgaria.
Telecommunications
International direct-dialling code for Bulgaria is 359,
for Sofia: 359 2.
Local and international telephone services are covered
through automatic street telephones operating
with tokens and calling cards. Mobikom and BulFon
card phones require different phone cards. Tokens
for local calls (0.20 leva) and calling cards are available
for purchase from most newspaper kiosks and
any post office. Inland and international phone and
fax services are available at the Sofia Central Post
Office and at local post offices in the capital and in
the country.
Currently there are 3 mobile operators.
Internet services are offered in Internet clubs and
cafes in almost every town.
Essential phone numbers:
123 - Operator service for international calls (where
no direct dialling is available);
121 - Operator service for inland long-distance calls
120 - Wake-up service;
144 - Directory for office phone numbers in Sofia;
145 - Directory for home phone numbers in Sofia;
1286 - Emergency road service (Sofia), 146 (rest
of country);
150 - Ambulance;
160 - Fire;
166 - Police;
175 - Weather forecast;
180 - Speaking clock.
Except for the international calls operator, others are
Bulgarian-speaking.
Official holidays
January 1 - New Year
March 3 - Bulgaria’s Liberation from Ottoman rule
- the National Day
Easter - one week after the Catholic Easter
May 1 - Labor Day
May 6 - Bulgarian Army Day
May 24 - Day of Bulgarian Enlightenment and Culture
and the Slav Script
September 6 - Bulgaria’s Unification
September 22 - Independence Day
December 25 – Christmas
Food and Drink
Bulgarian food is close to traditional European cuisine.
Typical food specialities include:
- Shopska salad - prepared from diced
tomatoes, fresh cucumbers, green peppers, topped
with feta cheese and seasoned with olive oil and
parsley
- Tarator - cold served soup from yogurt,
fresh cucumbers, seasoned with garlic and dill
- Sirene po Shopski - feta cheese, diced
tomatoes and onion topped with egg and cooked in
pottery
- Kebapche - minced meat rolls seasoned
with traditional spices and barbecued
- Kuyfte - minced meat balls seasoned
with traditional spices and barbecued
- Shish Kebab - grilled skewered meat,
onion and paprika
- Byurek peppers - peppers stuffed with
cheese and herbs and then rolled in flour and fried.
- Banitsa - baked pastry filled with cheese
(and sometimes leeks or spinach).
Traditional local type of brandy is rakia - made of
grapes, plums, apricots, pears or some other kind of
fruit. In winter rakia may be served hot, and in summer
– ice cold.
Bulgaria is a renowned producer and exporter of
wine. The most distinctive among the whites are Traminer
and Chardonnay; noteworthy among the reds
are Melnik, Mavrud, Merlot and Cabernet.
Bulgarian beer is also worth mentioning, with several
regional brands.